翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Environmental sociology ・ Environmental soil science ・ Environmental space ・ Environmental standard ・ Environmental statistics ・ Environmental stewardship ・ Environmental stewardship (England) ・ Environmental stress cracking ・ Environmental stress fracture ・ Environmental stress screening ・ Environmental studies ・ Environmental suit ・ Environmental surveying ・ Environmental Sustainability Index ・ Environmental Systems Design, Inc. ・ Environmental tariff ・ Environmental technology ・ Environmental Technology Laboratory ・ Environmental Technology Verification Program ・ Environmental terrorism ・ Environmental tests ・ Environmental theology ・ Environmental threats to the Great Barrier Reef ・ Environmental toxicant ・ Environmental toxicants and fetal development ・ Environmental toxicology ・ Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology ・ Environmental Transformation Fund ・ Environmental Transport Association ・ Environmental Trust (New South Wales) Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Environmental tariff ： ウィキペディア英語版 Environmental tariff An Environmental tariff, also known as a green tariff or eco-tariff, is an import or export tax placed on products being imported from, or also being sent to countries with substandard environmental pollution controls. They can be used as controls on global pollution and can also be considered as corrective measures against "environmental races to the bottom" and "eco-dumping".〔Kraus, Christiane (2000), ''Import Tariffs as Environmental Policy Instruments'', Springer, ISBN 0-7923-6318-3, ISBN 978-0-7923-6318-7〕 == International trade vs. environmental degradation == There has been debate on the role that increased international trade has played in increasing pollution.〔Horvath, John (Salami Tactics ), Telepolis, at Heise.de online, 2000. Retrieved 2009-10-14.〕 While some maintain that increases in pollution which result in both local environmental degradation and a global ''tragedy of the commons'' are intimately linked to increases in international trade, others have argued that as citizens become more affluent they'll also advocate for cleaner environments. According to a World Bank paper: :"Since freer trade raises income, it directly contributes to increasing pollution levels via the scale effect. However, it thereby induces the composition (and) technique effects of increased income, both of which tend to reduce pollution levels".〔''Trade, Global Policy, and the Environment'', Pg. 56, Fredriksson, World Bank, World Bank Publications, 1999, ISBN 0-8213-4458-7, ISBN 978-0-8213-4458-3〕〔Dean, Judith M & Lovely, Mary E (2008), ''Trade Growth, Production Fragmentation, and China's Environment'', Pgs. 3 & 5, National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 13860, Cambridge, MA ()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Environmental tariff」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.